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1.
Rev. chil. cir ; 66(5): 417-422, set. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-724793

ABSTRACT

Background: Advanced gallbladder cancer has a high mortality. Therefore, this tumor should be diagnosed and treated in early stages. Aim: To analyze the survival rates of patients with an early gallbladder cancer. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with early gallbladder cancer diagnosed until 2003. From that date, all patients with gastrointestinal cancer were registered in a prospective record. Patients with early gallbladder cancer defined as Tis (Carcinoma in situ), T1A (Tumor invades lamina propia) and T1B (Tumor invades muscular layer), were included in this analysis. Results: Eighty patients aged 31 to 87 years (74 percent women) were analyzed. The diagnosis was made during surgery in two patients and during the pathological study in the rest. All 24 patients with Tis tumors were alive after 96 months of follow up. Only one of 16 patients with T1A tumors died of unknown causes. Among the 40 patients with T1B tumors, 24 were re-operated and survival was over 90 percent. Conclusions: This group of patients with early gallbladder cancer had a five years survival over 90 percent. In patients with muscle involvement does not seem necessary to extend the surgery.


Introducción: Dada la elevada mortalidad del cáncer vesicular en etapas avanzadas, lo ideal es diagnosticarlo y tratarlo en una etapa temprana de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Analizar la sobrevida de pacientes con carcinoma temprano de la vesícula biliar y el impacto de una eventual re-operación. Material y Método: Se incluyen en el estudio 80 pacientes con cáncer temprano, siendo la mayoría (65 pacientes) parte de un estudio prospectivo desde mayo de 2004 hasta febrero de 2013. Fueron divididos en 3 grupos: a) carcinoma in situ T1s; b) carcinoma mucoso T1a; c) carcinoma muscular I1b. Seguimiento en el 100 por ciento de los casos. Resultados: El diagnóstico de carcinoma temprano se hizo en 2 pacientes durante la cirugía, en el resto fue un hallazgo del estudio histo-patológico. Los 24 pacientes con carcinoma in situ estaban vivos a los 96 meses de seguimiento. De los 16 pacientes con carcinoma mucoso, sólo 1 (6 por ciento) falleció sin conocerse la causa. Entre los 40 pacientes con cáncer muscular, hubo 24 que no se reoperaron y 16 reoperados. Los resultados anatomo patológicos fueron similares y la sobrevida de ambos grupos fue superior al 90 por ciento. Conclusión: En pacientes con carcinoma de la vesícula biliar in situ y hasta la mucosa, la colecistectomía logra sobrevida mayor del 95 por ciento a largo plazo. En pacientes con carcinoma muscular, ésta se acompaña de una sobrevida mayor a 90 por ciento a 5 años y no parece justificarse ampliar la cirugía.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Gallbladder Neoplasms/surgery , Gallbladder Neoplasms/mortality , Early Diagnosis , Follow-Up Studies , Gallbladder Neoplasms/pathology , Prospective Studies , Reoperation , Survival Analysis
2.
Rev. chil. cir ; 66(5): 451-459, set. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-724798

ABSTRACT

Background: Most patients with gastric cancer consult when the tumor is an advanced stage. Aim: To assess the survival of patients with gastric cancer in stage IIIc or IV subjected to surgery. Patients and Methods: Prospective study of patients with gastric cancer in stages IIIc (spreading to nearby organs or serosa) or IV (spreading to distant organs), who consulted between 2004 and 2012. A surgical exploration was carried out in all patients performing a palliative total or subtotal gastrectomy, a gastrojejunal anastomosis or only an exploration. Twenty five patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. All were followed until their death. Results: A surgical resection was performed in 61 patients (64 percent) with an operative mortality of 5 and 0 percent for total and subtotal gastrectomy, respectively. The mortality of non-resected patients was 6.4 percent with a maximal survival of 15 months after surgery. No significant differences in survival were observed between patients with hepatic or peritoneal metastases. Adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved survival among patients subjected to gastric resection. Conclusions: Among patients with gastric cancer, palliative gastrectomy may improve quality of life and adjuvant chemotherapy apparently improves survival.


Introducción: El cáncer gástrico constituye un problema de salud pública por su alta incidencia. Muchos pacientes consultan en etapas muy avanzadas. Objetivo: Evaluar la sobrevida de pacientes con cáncer gástrico etapa IIIc y IV sometidos a cirugía. Material y Método: Estudio prospectivo y descriptivo de pacientes en dichas etapas, que consultaron entre mayo de 2004 y diciembre de 2012, divididos en 4 grupos según ubicación de metástasis. Todos sometidos a exploración quirúrgica realizando una gastrectomía total o subtotal paliativa, gastroyeyuno-anastomosis o sólo laparotomía. Quimioterapia adyuvante se realizó en 25 pacientes. Se realizó un seguimiento hasta la fecha de fallecimiento en un 100 por ciento de los casos. Resultados: La resección quirúrgica se realizó en 61 pacientes (64,3 por ciento), con una mortalidad operatoria de 4,6 por ciento para la gastrectomía total y 0 por ciento para la gastrectomía subtotal. La mortalidad de los pacientes no resecados fue de 6,4 por ciento, con sobrevida máxima de 15 meses después de operado. Entre los casos con resección gástrica, se observó una mayor pero no significativa sobrevida en pacientes con metástasis hepáticas comparadas con las peritoneales. La quimioterapia adyuvante mostró una sobrevida significativamente mayor en los resecados comparado a los pacientes en los que no se la empleó. Conclusión: La gastrectomía paliativa para mejorar la calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer gástrico metastásico es factible, en grupos entrenados. El efecto beneficioso de la quimioterapia adyuvante debe ser evaluado en futuros estudios randomizados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Follow-Up Studies , Gastrectomy , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Staging , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy , Palliative Care , Prospective Studies , Survival Analysis
3.
Rev. chil. cir ; 59(6): 430-435, dic. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-482848

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La hepatectomía extendida, definida como la resección de 5 o más segmentos hepáticos, se ha asociado a un elevado riesgo perioperatorio. El objetivo del presente estudio es comparar los resultados quirúrgicos de pacientes sometidos a resecciones hepáticas de más de 2 segmentos versus hepatectomía extendida. Material y Método: Se analizó nuestra serie prospectiva de pacientes entre agosto 2002 y junio 2005. Se excluyeron resecciones laparoscópicas, unisegmentarias y no anatómicas. Se configuraron 2 grupos: Grupo I: Hepatectomías extendidas, Grupo II: Resecciones hepáticas de 2 a 4 segmentos. Se analizaron variables demográficas, indicaciones, uso de hemoderivados, función hepática postoperatoria, morbilidad y mortalidad. Resultados: En este período se realizaron 59 hepatectomías. Veintinueve cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Grupo I: (n=14,) Grupo II: (n=15). Todos los pacientes del primer grupo fueron resecados por lesiones malignas (9 metástasis, 5 tumores primarios). El promedio de segmentos resecados fue 5.5 para el grupo I y 2.3 para el Grupo II. Los tiempos operatorios promedio fueron 283 y 199 minutos, respectivamente (p=0.025). Se transfundieron un promedio de 2.69 y 0.85 U GR en cada grupo (p=0.009). La estadía hospitalaria promedio fue 13.6 días para el primer grupo, y 7.35 para el segundo (p=0.004). En el Grupo I, 4 de 14 pacientes presentaron complicaciones quirúrgicas y 1 de 15 en el grupo II (p=0.1). Fallece un paciente de cada grupo, debido a insuficiencia hepática postoperatoria. Conclusiones: A pesar del gran volumen de parénquima resecado, la hepatectomía extendida es una alternativa segura para el tratamiento de lesiones hepáticas malignas.


Introduction: Extended hepatectomy has been associated with a high perioperative risk. The aim of this study is to compare the surgical results in patients who underwent a hepatic resection of more than two Couinaud's segments versus an extended hepatectomy (more than four segments). Methods: Our prospective database from August 2002 to June 2005 was reviewed. Non-anatomical, unisegmental and laparoscopic resections were excluded. There were two groups. Group I: Extended hepatectomies; Group II: Hepatic resections from 2 to 4 segments. Demographic characteristics, indications for surgery, technical aspects, use of hemocomponents, post-operative liver function, morbidity and mortality were reviewed. Results: In this period, 59 hepatectomies were performed. 29 procedures achieved the inclusion criteria. Group I: (n=14), Group II: (n=15). Hepatobiliary malignancy was the surgical indication in all cases in Group I (9 liver metastases, 5 primary liver tumors). Mean number of resected segments were 5.5 for Group 1, and 2.3 for Group II. Mean operative time was 283 and 199 minutes, respectively (p=0.025). Mean red blood cell units transfused were 2.69 and 0.85 in each group (p=0.009). Mean postop hospital stay was 13.6 days por the first group and 7.3 for the second group (p=0.004). In Group I, 4 of 14 patients developed a postoperative complication and 1 of 15 in Group II (p=0.1). Postoperative liver failure was present in two patients from Group I, one of them died. In Group II, 1 patient died secondary to liver failure. Conclussions: Extended hepatectomy is a safe procedure for hepatobiliary malignancy even when a large amount of liver parenchyma is resected.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hepatectomy/methods , Liver Neoplasms/surgery , Bile Duct Neoplasms/surgery , Chile/epidemiology , Postoperative Care/mortality , Hepatectomy/statistics & numerical data , Postoperative Complications , Prospective Studies , Time Factors
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 134(10): 1237-1242, oct. 2006. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-439913

ABSTRACT

Background: Gallbladder polyps are becoming a common finding. The management of these polyps is complicated considering that they can bear malignant lesions. Aim: To analyze the ultrasonographic and histopathologic findings of patients operated due to gallbladder polyps. Patients and methods: The records of patients with ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallbladder polyp and that underwent cholecystectomy in a thirteen years period were reviewed, collecting their demographic, ultrasonographic and histopathological data. Results: One hundred and twenty three patients were operated. The mean age was 44±13 years, and 69 percent were women. The mean size of polyps in ultrasonography was 7.3±5 mm. Histopathology confirmed the presence of polyps in 79 percent of patients, with a mean size and number of lesions of 5.1±3.8 mm and 2.1±2, respectively. Nine percent of polyps were greater than 10 mm, and single polyps were significantly larger than the multiple ones (p =0.003). Four cases of adenoma (3.2 percent) were diagnosed; one of them had in situ carcinoma. All were single and larger than 10 mm. We found a significant correlation between ultrasonographic and histopathological polyp size determination (r =0.47; p =0.002). Polyp size was also a predictor of the presence of adenoma (p =0.043; confidence intervals: 1.006-1.424). Conclusions: There is a good correlation between the size of the gallbladder polyp in ultrasonography and the size in the histopathology report. Gallbladder adenoma is uncommon and it correlates with the size of the polyp. In this series, size was the only predictor of the presence of adenoma.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adenoma/pathology , Gallbladder Neoplasms/pathology , Polyps/pathology , Abdomen , Adenoma , Analysis of Variance , Chi-Square Distribution , Cholecystectomy , Gallbladder Neoplasms , Polyps , Retrospective Studies
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